Question 1
What is perception in organizational behavior?
A process of seeing things as they really areA subjective process of interpreting sensory informationA universal experience identical for all individualsA process influenced by past experiences and personal factors
A process of seeing things as they really areA subjective process of interpreting sensory informationA universal experience identical for all individualsA process influenced by past experiences and personal factorsQuestion 2
What factors influence perception?
Past experiences and personalityOrganizational policies and job rolesSocial influence and cultural normsThe price of a product
Past experiences and personalityOrganizational policies and job rolesSocial influence and cultural normsThe price of a productQuestion 3
According to Attribution Theory, what are the two types of attributions?
External and internal attributionsRational and emotional attributionsPositive and negative attributionsSituational and dispositional attributions
External and internal attributionsRational and emotional attributionsPositive and negative attributionsSituational and dispositional attributionsQuestion 4
How does the Fundamental Attribution Error affect perception?
It leads us to underestimate external factors and overemphasize internal causesIt makes us more rational and objective in evaluating others' behaviorIt encourages us to consider both personal and situational factors equallyIt results in people blaming themselves for their failures more than others
It leads us to underestimate external factors and overemphasize internal causesIt makes us more rational and objective in evaluating others' behaviorIt encourages us to consider both personal and situational factors equallyIt results in people blaming themselves for their failures more than othersQuestion 5
What is the Self-Serving Bias?
A bias that leads people to always take responsibility for their mistakesThe tendency to attribute personal successes to internal factors and failures to external factorsThe belief that people always act logically in their best interestThe assumption that external factors never play a role in individual performance
A bias that leads people to always take responsibility for their mistakesThe tendency to attribute personal successes to internal factors and failures to external factorsThe belief that people always act logically in their best interestThe assumption that external factors never play a role in individual performanceQuestion 6
Which of the following are examples of perceptual biases?
Halo EffectContrast EffectSelective PerceptionPerfect Rationality
Halo EffectContrast EffectSelective PerceptionPerfect RationalityQuestion 7
What is the Halo Effect?
Assuming all employees perform equallyA tendency to overestimate external influencesJudging someone entirely based on a single positive characteristicA method to improve perception accuracy
Assuming all employees perform equallyA tendency to overestimate external influencesJudging someone entirely based on a single positive characteristicA method to improve perception accuracyQuestion 8
How does Selective Perception influence decision-making?
It reduces workplace biasIt helps managers make objective decisions based on facts aloneIt makes individuals consider all possible perspectives equallyIt causes people to only notice information that confirms their beliefs
It reduces workplace biasIt helps managers make objective decisions based on facts aloneIt makes individuals consider all possible perspectives equallyIt causes people to only notice information that confirms their beliefsQuestion 9
Which cognitive bias explains why we compare people or events based on what we saw previously?
Overconfidence BiasContrast EffectRisk AversionRandomness Bias
Overconfidence BiasContrast EffectRisk AversionRandomness BiasQuestion 10
What is Bounded Rationality in decision-making?
A theory that suggests managers have unlimited time and knowledge to analyze optionsA decision-making process based only on complete and perfect informationThe idea that humans simplify problems due to limited cognitive capacityThe ability to always make the most rational decision
A theory that suggests managers have unlimited time and knowledge to analyze optionsA decision-making process based only on complete and perfect informationThe idea that humans simplify problems due to limited cognitive capacityThe ability to always make the most rational decisionQuestion 11
Which steps are included in the Rational Decision-Making Model?
Choosing the first solution availableIdentifying the problemGathering complete informationEvaluating all possible alternatives
Choosing the first solution availableIdentifying the problemGathering complete informationEvaluating all possible alternativesQuestion 12
Which biases commonly affect decision-making?
Overconfidence BiasAnchoring BiasConfirmation BiasPerfect Objectivity
Overconfidence BiasAnchoring BiasConfirmation BiasPerfect ObjectivityQuestion 13
What is Escalation of Commitment?
The tendency to continue investing in a failing decisionThe process of making better decisions as more information becomes availableA leadership technique used to increase team motivationA strategy to reduce cognitive biases
The tendency to continue investing in a failing decisionThe process of making better decisions as more information becomes availableA leadership technique used to increase team motivationA strategy to reduce cognitive biasesQuestion 14
How can organizations reduce decision-making biases?
Encourage diverse perspectivesRely solely on intuitionSlow down decision-making processesBase decisions on data and factual analysis
Encourage diverse perspectivesRely solely on intuitionSlow down decision-making processesBase decisions on data and factual analysisQuestion 15
What is the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in decision-making?
AI can process large amounts of data efficientlyAI eliminates all biases in decision-makingAI should replace human judgment in all casesAI can reinforce biases if trained on biased data
AI can process large amounts of data efficientlyAI eliminates all biases in decision-makingAI should replace human judgment in all casesAI can reinforce biases if trained on biased data
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